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Elephant of the Bastille
The Elephant of the Bastille was a monument in Paris which existed between 1813 and 1846. Originally conceived in 1808 by Napoleon, the colossal statue was intended to be created out of bronze and placed in the Place de la Bastille, but only a plaster full-scale model was built. At 24 m (78 ft) in height the model itself became a recognisable construction and was immortalised by Victor Hugo in his novel ''Les Misérables'' (1862) in which it is used as a shelter by the street urchin Gavroche. It was built at the site of the Bastille and although part of the original construction remains, the elephant itself was replaced a few years later by the July Column (1835-40) constructed on the same spot.
==Conception==
When the Bastille fell in July 1789, there was some debate as to what should replace it, or indeed if it should remain as a monument to the past. Pierre-François Palloy secured the contract to demolish the building, with the dimension stones being reused for the construction of the Pont de la Concorde and other parts sold by Palloy as souvenirs.〔(Lost Paris: The Elephant on the Place de la Bastille ). 24 May 2011. Accessed 20 August 2011.〕 Most of the building was removed over the subsequent months by up to 1,000 workers.〔(Place de la Bastille, Part 5 ), Discover France. Accessed 20 August 2011.〕 In 1792 the area was turned into the Place de la Bastille with only traces of the fortress that had once dominated the area remaining.
In 1793, a fountain was built in the square. Known as the "Fountain of Regeneration", it had an Egyptian-inspired design and depicted a woman with water flowing from her breasts.〔Schama, Simon. ''Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution''. Penguin; New Ed edition 26 Aug 2004.〕〔Michelet, Jules, ''Histoire de la Révolution française'', t. 6, Paris, Chamerot, 1853, p. 220-221.〕
Napoleon planned many urban regeneration projects for Paris and was particularly fond of monuments to his victories. He wanted to create a significant triumphal structure to demonstrate his military prowess and began the process of designing a 24 m (78 ft)〔Lepage, Jean-Denis GG. ''French Fortifications, 1715-1815: An Illustrated History''. McFarland & Co Inc. 15 Dec 2009. p. 183〕 bronze elephant. In the Imperial decree of 24 February 1811, he specified that the colossal bronze elephant be cast from the guns captured at the Battle of Friedland. A stairway would allow visitors to ascend one of the elephant's legs to an observation platform on its back.〔〔Katia Frey, ''L'Enterprise napoléonienne'', in ''Paris et ses fontaines'', pp. 120-21.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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